Apparatus for characteristic study of solar cell model no. Effects of temperature and internal resistances on cell efficiency 7. The cells are tested under varying resistance loads and varying light levels. Pv characterization lab purpose in this lab you will measure the current versus voltage for several photovoltaic cells using computer probeware. Current densityvoltage jv characteristics of fresh and 24 haged devices are shown in fig. To draw the iv characteristics of a solar cell and to. The voltage for maximumpanelpower output is usually about 1617 v. An overview of the principal issues, including the physics of solar cell operation, materials and modelling, and the fundamental theoretical framework form an introduction to the device aspects of photovoltaics given in part iia. Solar cell efficiency is the ratio of the electrical output of a solar cell to the incident energy in. Perovskite solar cell psc materials a perovskite solar cell, that was first reported by. Solar cell manufacturing technologies are discussed in part ii. In addition to reflecting the performance of the solar cell itself, the efficiency depends on the spectrum and intensity of the incident sunlight and the temperature of the solar cell. Department of energy a solar cell is essentially a diode with a large area.
Measurement of vi characteristics of a solar panel at various levels of insolation, and the identification of the equivalent circuit parameters procedure. This potential generates a current which acts in the opposite direction to the photocurrent, and the net current is reduced from its short circuit value. When illuminated, the photons interact with the material to generate electron hole pairs. An experiment to measure the iv characteristics of a silicon. Solar cell characterization apparatus iv characteristics. Part b semiconductor devices experiment series 3 solar cell solar cell prelaboratory assignment draw the equivalent circuit representing a solar cell. In this experiment a variable resistor is used to obtain a series of voltage and current pairs.
The theoretical studies are of practical use because they predict the fundamental limits of a solar cell, and give guidance on the phenomena that contribute to losses and. The pv cell is an apparatus that converts light from a light bulb to. Using a diode factor between the values 1 and 5 may give a more accurate description of the solar cell characteristics. Find the current and voltage response under illumination. An experiment to measure the iv characteristics of a silicon solar cell. Solar panels characteristics current, voltage and power curves of a solar pv panel. Hence the operating point is characterized by i op, v op where i op power electronics, solar power, iv characteristics version january 31st, 2014 page 3 of 27 yield panel voc. Short circuit current, which is the maximum current a cell can give open circuit voltage,which is the maximum voltage a cell can have efficiency fill factor which is the ratio of maximum power by the. Characteristics of solar cell fill factor experiment youtube. Application of pn junctions within solar cells is discussed. We found that remote access to lab equipment and experiments has many advantages over traditional scheduled supervised.
An experiment to measure the ivcharacteristics of a. An experiment to measure the ivcharacteristics of a silicon. Study of iv characteristic of a solar cell illuminated by an incandescent lamp, at. May 15, 2018 characteristics of a solar cell and parameters of a solar cell may 15, 2018 february 24, 2012 by electrical4u solar cell is the basic unit of solar energy generation system where electrical energy is extracted directly from light energy without any intermediate process. This channel covers theory classes, practical classes, demonstrations, animations, physics fun, puzzle and many more of the. It is a form of photoelectric cell, defined as a device whose electrical characteristics, such as current, voltage, or resistance, vary when exposed to light individual solar cell devices can be. When charged by the sun, this basic unit generates a dc photovoltage of 0. Draw on the same graph, the vi characteristics obtained from experiment, and the one calculated.
Experimental arrangement for solar cell characteristics apparatus. The circuit allows the electrons to flow to the electronpoor back of the cell from the electronrich front of the cell. The above graph shows the currentvoltage iv characteristics of a typical silicon pv cell operating under normal conditions. This apparatus allows students in introductory physics course to plot iv characteristics of a solar cell by a simple experiment. Jun 28, 2018 basically, the experiment consists of a solar module illuminated by a flat led light source and a programmed electronic variable resistor, which enables collecting the solar module current. The most obvious use for solar cells is to serve as the primary building block for creating a solar. Solar cells are usually coated with antireflective materials so that they absorb the maximum amount of light energy.
The iv curve of a solar cell is the superposition of the iv curve of the solar cell diode in the dark with the lightgenerated current. Solar cell mounted on the front panel in a metal box with connections brought out on terminals. I have also found some information through the internet about this effect of dust buildup on the efficiency of the panel. In addition to everyday objects such as solar calculators or solar garden lamps, photovoltaic power plants are becoming more and more common. Todd kaiser montana state university solar cell lab manual july 2009 this manual was designed for use with the montana microfabrication facility at montana state university.
The large surface area indicated in light blue is exposed to incident light energy. Pdf a solar cell is an electronic device which directly converts sunlight into electricity. This experiment will offer a deeper analysis into the relationship between solar panel efficiency and dust buildup. Solar cell characteristics 392015 phys 1402 introduction the objective of this experiment is to introduce a new circuit element, a photovoltaic pv cell, and observe how it is different from ohmian circuit elements. The objective of this lab activity is to study and measure the output voltage and current characteristics of a photovoltaic solar panel and develop an equivalent electrical model for use in computer simulation. The physics guide is a free and unique educational youtube channel. Solar cell a diode a solar cell is a diode and hence an iv curve of a solar cell under dark conditions will look similar to that of a diode. Two meters mounted on the front panel to measure the solar cell voltage and current. The cell can be considered as a two terminal device which conducts like a diode in the dark and generates a photovoltage when charged by the sun. Degradation of electrical characteristics in lowbandgap. A solar cell uses the photovoltaic effect to convert solar radiation directly to dc electrical energy. The rate of energy generation or power from the solar cell.
Many different solar cell technologies are being developed, for various applications rooftops, solar power plants, satellites, backpacks or clothing, etc. We give the upper limit to the solar cell e ciency. Solar cells are characterized by their currentvoltage iv characteristic curves. Standardized testing allows the comparison of devices manufactured at different companies and laboratories with different technologies to be compared. Measure the shortcircuit current and noload voltage at different light intensities and plot the currentvoltage characteristic at different light intensities. From the characteristics of solar cell is obvious that if the current through the solar cell increases the voltage it can generate decreases and the voltage generated at that particular current will be less than v oc. Solar cells are characterized using a voltage current curve. The fill factor is the degree to which the v curve approximates the j. Characteristics of a solar cell and parameters of a solar cell. It is a form of photoelectric cell, defined as a device whose electrical characteristics, such as current, voltage, or resistance, vary when exposed to. Characteristics of photovoltaic cells scope the output currentvoltage characteristic curve for a photovoltaic cell for different input intensities and the conditions for optimum power transfer to an external load are determined. May 03, 2012 for the love of physics walter lewin may 16, 2011 duration.
A solar cell, or photovoltaic cell, is an electrical device that converts the energy of light directly into electricity by the photovoltaic effect, which is a physical and chemical phenomenon. Choose the ammeter, voltmeter and rheostat ratings so that you get 20 uniformly spaced points on. Sunlight hits the solar cell if the energy of the photon is high enough bandgap energy, it is absorbed on the pside. The details of each of the three processes are beyond the scope of this manual. Estimate the dependence of noload voltage and shortcircuit current on temperature. Measurement of vi characteristics of a solar panel at various levels. Current voltage iv measurements in small photovoltaic solar panels swr 18 feb 20 overview. Pnjunction diode when the junction is illuminated, a net current flow takes place in an external lead connecting the ptype and ntype.
The theory of solar cells explains the process by which light energy in photons is converted into electric current when the photons strike a suitable semiconductor device. Iv characteristics of a silicon solar cell department of physics, monash university, clayton, victoria 3168, australia 2 bloomfield, louis a. A lowcost laboratory experiment to generate the iv characteristic. Photovoltaic cell is based on the principle of inner photo electric cell. Photo cell characteristics applied science department nitttr, sector26, chandigarh.
Experiments with solar cell from solar kit zdenka koupilova1 solar energy is more and more used in everyday life. I study of iv characteristic of a solar cell illuminated by an incandescent lamp, at different frequencies ii study of iv characteristic of a solar cell illuminated by sun, at different frequencies theory. Specific performance characteristics of solar cells are summarized, while the methods and equipment used for measuring these characteristics are emphasized. The resulting curve is a measure of the overall performance of the cell. The solar cell is the basic building block of solar photovoltaics. Pdf modelling of solar cell characteristics considering the effect of. Fundamental properties of solar cells, principles and. The field performance of photovoltaic solar panels can be characterized by measuring the relationship between panel voltage, current, and power output under differing environmental conditions and. To study the characteristics of solar cell, the following studies can be carried out. In practice, when a load is present a potential difference develops between the terminals of the cell. A potential difference voltage is thereby created across the pn junction that drives the current and propels the excess free electrons to the conductor on the top of the cell. In this video we will study the characteristics of solar cell. The output currentvoltage characteristic curve for a photovoltaic cell for different input.
To study the characteristics of solar cell to study the. Pdf the spectrum of solar energy is quite wide and its intensity varies according to the timing of the day and geographic location. Efficiency of a solar cell objective how efficient is a solar cell at converting the suns energy into power. Illuminating a cell adds to the normal dark currents in the diode so that the diode law becomes. Choose the ammeter, voltmeter and rheostat ratings so that you get 20 uniformly spaced points on the vi characteristics. Measurement of short circuit current iesc with biasing the solar cell and. This channel covers theory classes, practical classes, demonstrations, animations. Characteristics of photovoltaic cells 271 experiment 27. The objective of this experiment is to explore solar cells as renewable energy sources and test their efficiency in converting solar radiation to electrical power. Abstract a matlab programming for the solar pv cell, modules and array is developed and presented in this dissertation. Solar cell is the basic unit of solar energy generation system where electrical energy is. Jul 28, 2017 the physics guide is a free and unique educational youtube channel.
The overwhelming majority of solar cells are fabricated from silicon with increasing efficiency and lowering cost as the materials range from amorphous noncrystalline to polycrystalline to. Solar cell iv characteristic and the solar iv curves. Pdf solar cells are a promising and potentially important technology and are the future of sustainable energy for the human civilization. On the basis of the cost problem, we have developed new solar cells based on organic and organicinorganic hybrid materials. Pdf this paper focuses on a generalized model of eco friendly green power technologies like photovoltaic cell using matlab. Study of iv characteristic of a solar cell illuminated by an incandescent lamp, at different. The experiment can be performed in the laboratory but it is always good to perform it in a. The most fundamental of solar cell characterization techniques is the measurement of cell efficiency. If you measure the voltage of solar cell with no loadthat is the open. Photovoltaic panels are oriented to maximize the use of the suns light, and the system angles can be.
It would be a natural assumption that for solar cell performance visible light is. To plot the vi characteristics of the solar cell and hence determine the fill factor. This potential generates a current which acts in the opposite direction to the photocurrent, and the. Current voltage iv measurements in small photovoltaic. Analysis of solar photovoltaic panel characteristics using matlab. A solar cell is basically a semiconductor pn junction device.
Solar photovoltaic cells introduction one method of converting energy from the sun solar energy is to use a solar cell also known as a photovoltaic cell. Analysis of solar photovoltaic panel characteristics using matlab pawan kumar srivastva,hemant kumar soni,naresh kumar. Hoedsc01 is an effective tool for evaluating the characteristics of solar cell. Experiments with pv cells uo solar radiation monitoring. Solar cell conversion efficiency the standard solar radiation known as the air mass 1. Characteristics of photovoltaic solar cells analog. A typical iv curve and power curve of a solar cell fig 4. Denis ar con ljubljana, may 2011 abstract this seminar is a short overview of current photovoltaics. We describe a very simple experiment that allows college students in introductory physics courses to plot the iv characteristics of a solar cell, and hence measure important photovoltaic parameters, such as the fill factor and light conversion efficiency. Solar cell, also called photovoltaic cell, any device that directly converts the energy of light into electrical energy through the photovoltaic effect. A simple solar cell experiment the following experiment was performed using a commercial polycrystalline silicon solar cell with an active area of 8. Pdf experimental analysis of solar pv characteristics under. Use a current source representing the photoelectric current and resistors representing the shunt and series resistances.
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